Film Industry Then and Now - 1163 Words

Film: Then and Now The film industry has always been somewhat of a dichotomy. Grounded firmly in both the worlds of art and business the balance of artistic expression and commercialization has been an issue throughout the history of filmmaking. The distinction of these two differing goals and the fact that neither has truly won out over the other in the span of the industrys existence, demonstrates a lot of information about the nature of capitalism. The modern film industry was born around the beginning of the twentieth century. On April 23rd 1896 Thomas Edition showed the first publicly-projected motion picture at Koster and Bials Music Hall in New York City. From there the film industry had an explosive growth rate. In fact,†¦show more content†¦[In 1998] Viacom earned more from its Nickelodeon channel than from its Paramount Studio. Foxs top earning film for the year was the animated Ice AgeÂ… Sony meanwhile earned more from its PlayStation than from all its movies and television programming combined. 7 No longer is box-office the main source of revenue for studios as it was in the early days of Hollywood. Today only 6 conglomerates are responsible for almost all of the worlds filmmaking. Lucrative licensing deals, merchandising, spin-offs, television shows and so forth have become more important than the actual box-office generated. According to Jay Epstein Even though todays system of filmed entertainment shares much of the same physical geography, nomenclature, and mythology as the studio system that preceded it, it did not evolve out of itÂ… it appeared with surprising suddenness, and replaced it. He argues that a handful of aspiring businessmen took the reins of the industry and steered it to where it is today. These 6 conglomerates hold 72% of the total market share and have an average of $26.5 billion revenue, while the total box-office revenue in the U.S. in 2000 was only $7.6 billion8. Film production today is not the expression of the director, writer or producer but mo re their attempt to capitalize on the medium. Modern films cost an average if $100 million in advertising and production cost, while the average box-office ofShow MoreRelatedFilm Industry: Then And Now Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesFilm: Then and Now The film industry has always been somewhat of a dichotomy. Grounded firmly in both the worlds of art and business the balance of artistic expression and commercialization has been an issue throughout the history of filmmaking. The distinction of these two differing goals and the fact that neither has truly won out over the other in the span of the industrys existence, demonstrates a lot of information about the nature of capitalism. The modern film industry was born aroundRead MoreThe Modernity of Bollywood1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Film is a form of art that is formally used as a means of entertainment. Yet, through time making films are now a part of a massive industry. This paper will explore the importance of entertainment, specifically films that are made in India. The focus of this paper will be to introduce the arrival of film in India through different time periods and how several historical events have impacted the Bollywood industry. Moreover, once a general idea of how Bollywood development through timeRead MoreThe Pact of Hindi Films in India Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesNow that we have established arrival of film in India and how several factors have had an influence on the Bollywood industry, the paper will now explore the pact of Hindi films in India. Through commercialization, Bollywood reinforces the idea of the importance of materialism. 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ScreenwritersRead MorePersuasive Speech : Film Production Tax Breaks Are Worth It873 Words   |  4 Pagesthat film production tax breaks are worth it Thesis: I am going to talk about why states should offer better tax incentives to film productions, the arguments opposing it, and the solution to those arguments. Introduction I. Attention Grabber: Who would like to have Chris Evans in their backyard right now? A. If you were in Atlanta earlier this year, you would have been able to say you did. B. Atlanta may be an odd choice to film â€Å"Captain America: Civil War† in, but the industry has itsRead MoreOverview of the Australian Film Industry1403 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian Film Industry 1 Era before World War I Australian film industry had good and bad times or boom and bust (Stratton, 1990) in period of last 100 years and that is why it can be called a fragile industry. 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A year after Vitagraph was formedRead MoreImax Corporation : An Overview1066 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst IMAX film premiered in 1970 in Japan at the Fuji Pavilion. IMAX has grown significantly since its foundation and in 2008, was located in 295 theaters in 40 different counties. About 50 perfect of IMAX’s theaters are located in educational institutions such as museums, zoos and aquariums. In 2007 movie theater attendance was 1,400 million with the average ticket price at about $6.88. The film industry is highly competitive however, there are only a limited number of large format film companiesRead MoreAmerica’s Domination of the Film Industry693 Words   |  3 Pages Looking at the film industry as we now know it, it’s hard to imagine that America wasn’t always the film producing machine we see it as now. Yet, when we begin looking at all the technological advances that took place in film over time and the events which occurred during these periods, it was a complex journey. In the following essay we are going to discuss why I believe that the wars faced both foreign and domestic played the biggest factor in the American Film industry’s rise to dominance byRead More A New Type of Film Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesA New Type of Film Every day we are one step closer to filmmaking being as easy as taking out the brush and oils for a painting (Veneruso, 1998). The new technologies that have emerged in films have been the latest in a string of inventions, to help make the film industry better. Films have become an important part of our culutre since they started being made and shown regularly around the world. Although new technology in films may be nothing compared with other technology, it does seem that

The Validity of Knowledge Free Essays

Lia Thompson Mr. Faria HZT 4U1 Wednesday January 18, 2012 The Validity of Knowledge This paper will explain the validity of John Locke’s Theory of Knowledge. Epistemology has been the topic of discussion for many philosophers over the centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Validity of Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study of knowledge is important because as humans, it is necessary to understand where the basis for our knowledge originates. Locke, like many philosophers believed that all knowledge about the world is derived from sensory perceptions. Empiricists such as Locke believe this â€Å"posteriori† view of knowledge. He explains in his theory that we are born with â€Å"blank slates† or Tabula Rasa, the term used in Locke’s theory in his writing, â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding† (Locke 163). Philosophical arguments are as varied as the philosophers who construct them. For each theory, there is an opposing view. Rationalists, such as Rene Descartes would argue against Locke and his empiricist view of knowledge, believing knowledge to be innate. Descartes believed that all humans are innately born with these truths without the aid of our senses as argued in his first, second and third Meditations (Descartes 3). Locke’s theory goes against not only Descartes views but Plato’s as well. But Despite the arguments against Locke’s empiricist view, he is most reasonable. I agree with John Locke’s theory of sensory perception because we would not be able to survive without our senses. John Locke was born on August 29, 1632 in a village in Somerset, England (John Locke-Biography). He wrote several major works that have made a big impact on today’s view of the world, but his major theory on knowledge was in his book, â€Å"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding†, where he outlined his views as well as argued against rationalist’s view on innate knowledge. He wrote his book based on his belief that true knowledge is gained through experience, â€Å"a posteriori† (Velasquez 330). â€Å"Locke holds that the mind is a tabula rasa or blank sheet until experience in the form of sensation and reflection provide the basic materials — simple ideas — out of which most of our more complex knowledge is constructed† (Uzgalis). Reflection and sensory experiences go hand in hand because in order for our senses to be used, we must experience the world around us. Once we have experienced, for example the sweet taste of an apple, from eating it, we are able to reflect on what our senses were able to establish about it and gain truths about what we experienced. â€Å"Reason is our intellect, our power to think and make judgments based on our sensory experience† (Locke 59). Locke does agree that we as humans have reason but our senses are paired up with reason, as we are to reason what our senses are experiencing. Locke created the theory of â€Å"Primary and Secondary Qualities† to explain his ideas about the differences between our perception of the world and what the world really is. Based on scientific research, humans are aware that not everything we perceive is the same as how other living creatures perceive it. Animals in comparison to humans may experience the same things as humans do, but the way they are perceived can be totally different. For example, it is scientifically proven that dogs cannot see in colour, so to them everything is in black and white. Dogs still use their sight, but are unable to see the same colour humans can. Primary Qualities are measurable qualities by size, weight, shape etc. and will stay the same regardless of our perception. Secondary Qualities are the hidden powers an object has that can produce in us a sensory experience such as the colour we see in the sky. (Velasquez 333) We can understand his theory on Primary and Secondary Qualities because scientists are able through research to study other living things and their perceptions of senses. Locke’s theories are a clear explanation to the many things we experience as human beings. Descartes was born on March 31st, 1596 in Touraine. After finishing school in 1612, it left him feeling unsettled and dissatisfied. He felt the need to travel, so he could discover new surroundings and he joined the army at the age of seventeen. He was in search of discovering more truth than he had found at school. Descartes lived in a time of great uncertainty as to what truth was, and what it wasn’t. There were new scientific discoveries being made which were unheard of at that time, as well as the new protestant branch of Christianity that went against the old traditional religious beliefs. With everything around Descartes changing, he began to doubt all his prior knowledge (Velasquez 320). Descartes began to search for true knowledge, which was the beginning of Descartes’ first meditation on Doubt. He questioned the idea that we may all be unaware of our state of mind; are we dreaming, or are we awake? Descartes concluded that there are no ways to tell whether or not we are awake or dreaming. So where did this idea come from? He went on to say that there must be something of a higher power deceiving him, an â€Å"evil genius† of deceiving nature creating this illusion for all to get caught up in. Descartes reasoned that, if this were the case, we couldn’t trust our senses at all because our senses are illusions. With this mindset, Descartes believed that the only basic truths are those that cannot be doubted. The undeniable truth he discovered was â€Å"I think, therefore I am† which he reasoned that even if he was being deceived about everything else, he could not be deceived that he was thinking he was deceived, therefore he exists† (Velasquez 321). In order for Descartes to rule out sensory perceptions, he would need to rely on another basis for our knowledge. Based on his inner reflection, he believed that knowledge is not learned, ideas are present i n the mind at birth. â€Å"We have a priori knowledge – we are born with knowledge and truths without the aid of sense perceptions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Velasquez 324). Descartes would argue against Locke’s sensory perceptions theory because to Descartes, our senses are invalid. In Descartes† second meditation, he uses an example of a piece of wax to prove our senses wrong. â€Å"Let us take, for example this piece of wax: it has been taken quite freshly from the hive, and it has not yet lost its sweetness of the honey which it contains; it still retains somewhat of the odor of the flowers from which it has been culled; its colour, its figure, its size are apparent; it is hard, cold, easily handled, and if you strike it with a finger, it will emit a sound† (Descartes 190-191). Here Descartes explains, in every respect all physical aspects of the wax that is experienced with our senses. â€Å"But notice that while I speak and approach the fire what remained of the taste is exhaled, the smell evaporated, the colour alters, the figure is destroyed, the size increases, it becomes liquid, it heats, scarcely one can handle it, and when one strikes it, no sound is emitted†¦What then did I know so distinctly of this piece of wax? It could certainly be nothing of all that the senses brought to my notice, since all hese things which fall under taste, smell, sight, touch, and hearing, are found to be changed, and yet the same wax remains†¦ it is mind alone which perceives†¦this piece of wax† (Descartes 190-191). Descartes explains that because the wax can transform, leaving us with different sense perceptions than before, it cannot be trusted as knowledge. Descartes was unable to grasp Locke’s concepts of sensory experiences and therefore rejects everything but the knowledge we are innately born with. Although Descartes gives an adequate theory, his views do not stand up to Locke and other philosopher’s criticisms. To Locke, Descartes’ whole argument on innate knowledge and the ideas behind his meditations are weak, not only invalid because of their opposing views on how humans attain knowledge, but invalid in regards to his reasoning behind his theories. There are many things to point out about Descartes, based on Locke’s ideas. Locke understood the ideas of innate knowledge, but disagreed because he believes we are too much a part of this world to doubt its existence. If innate knowledge were the only true way to have knowledge, people would not be having arguments of what is right and what is wrong. â€Å"[Descartes ideas of doubt are invalid] because there are none to which all mankind give a universal assent† (Uzgalis). Descartes’ explanation of existence of things states that because Descartes can think, and because thinking things exist, Descartes therefore exists. But this argument is invalid because this is the same as saying, â€Å"I am walking, hence I am the walking. The author, William Benton in the book, â€Å"Descartes/Spinoza† objected to Descartes’ second meditation on doubt by saying, â€Å"this is an assumption on Descartes part to say that which one understands is the same exercise of understanding†¦for the entity of understanding itself, is one thing and the essence is another† (Benton 135). This relates back to Descartes invalid argument because Descartes defense can be restated as a cla im that he is thought. One may think, but can never be the â€Å"entity† or the actual action of thinking. All of Descartes meditations on knowledge surround the main idea of innate knowledge and thought, â€Å"but whence comes our knowledge of this proposition, I think? †¦ we cannot think of leaping, apart from that which leaps, of knowing apart from a knower, of thinking without a thinker† (Benton 135). Descartes has no explanations of how we are able to come to thoughts on actions. Actions can relate to the idea of innate knowledge because they both are thought, but are unseen to the senses, at least until the thought or action is indeed physically done. â€Å"But for example, willing fearing and denying always go hand in hand with something physical as the subject of those thoughts, you cannot have the knowledge of what scares you without experiencing it in some way† (Hutchins 138). Locke also expresses his opinion not on emotions that derive from experiences but with the nature of this world. For I imagine any one will easily grant that it would be impertinent to suppose the ideas of colours innate in a creature to whom God hath given sight, and a power to receive them by the eyes from external objects: and no less unreasonable would it be to attribute several truths to the impressions of nature, and innate characters† (Uzgalis). If we know what the term â€Å"colour† means, that is some sort of knowledge, and so we are unable to identify colour unless we use our senses. We cannot believe we know the term colour, without actually experiencing it. Just as the author in the book â€Å"Descartes/Spinoza† explains that one is unable to know what an actual angel looks like, but from our experiences through visual senses, we are able to construct ideas of what one might look like based on our visual surroundings. (Hutchins 136) Now this goes against Descartes ideas of thought and innate knowledge because, â€Å"Notice that in order for Descartes to doubt his beliefs, he needs a language in which to express his doubt. But then, if Descartes were to doubt his beliefs about what words mean, then he could not formulate any doubts at all. He would be totally incapable to express his doubts. Thus the attempt to doubt anything would be necessarily self defeating† (Albert). Descartes’ arguments on doubt are self-defeating because Descartes does not believe anything exists but his mind, ruling out all language and terms used and formulated in this world. The example of wax used by Descartes to validate his view that sensory knowledge is the only knowledge, can be looked at differently to validate sensory experiences. From an empiricist’s point of view, one would indeed gain knowledge by putting the wax near the fire because in doing so, one would understand what happens to wax when it is being scorched. By using the senses to experience the wax in a different form, one is able to reflect and learn from the experiment. Descartes theories have many flaws, therefore making his arguments invalid. Although there are many other rationalists that oppose the views of empiricism, Plato was another great philosopher who developed the very foundations of innate knowledge based on Socrates dialogue with the slave boy. Socrates, being one of the significant founders of western philosophy, along with his student Plato was famous for imposing difficult thought-provoking inquiries to the fellow Athenian citizens. Although Socrates did not record any of his philosophical discussions or inquiries, his student Plato explains to us the works of Socrates. Plato, like Descartes believed that there was only one way to have knowledge. He believed knowledge was not acquired through the use of our senses, but merely obtained before we were born. Plato went farther than Descartes by believing that our souls must have lived in another universe before being born in this one. This other universe would have been perfect where we would have been able to experience perfect objects and were able to experience all that was perfect in the prior universe. The reason we would have innate knowledge would be because when we were born into this imperfect world, according to Plato, all the perfect concepts of the previous world would still be within our souls. â€Å"Most rationalist philosophers have rejected Plato’s claim that before we were born we existed in another perfect universe. But many rationalists have accepted Plato’s more basic insight: we do not acquire the basic truths of math and science by observing the world around us†(Velasquez 326). Although his beliefs about how we attained innate knowledge were not much accepted, he uses a dialogue between Socrates and Meno, the slave boy’s master to explain his beliefs on innate knowledge. â€Å"In Meno, Plato tells us how Socrates once made a slave boy â€Å"remember† his knowledge of geometry by showing him some imperfect figures drawn on the ground. Socrates shows the slave boy a square that is supposed to be two feet by two feet in size. Socrates asks the boy to draw a second square that is exactly twice the size of the first square†¦the boy initially realizes that his first answer is wrong. If you double the length of each side of the square, you will get a new square that is exactly four times as big as the first square. Yet the boy knows this without making exact measurements†¦ and even if the boy had measured the squares, they would probably not have turned out to be exactly the right sizes. So where did this boy’s knowledge come from? (Velasquez 324) In this summary of the dialogue, Plato argues that the boy’s knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem could not have come from observing the imperfect figures drawn on the ground. This proves that it must be knowledge that is already in our minds then, because Plato explains that the knowledge of mathematical theorems are not obtained through sensory experi ences. It is impossible to rely on our senses to give us knowledge of math because there is no physical experience to go hand in hand them. This belief is the total opposite of Locke’s views because Plato denies any thing that relies on the senses. In Plato’s dialogue involving the slave boy, there is some questionable material that can relate back to Locke’s beliefs of relying on our senses. Even though the slave boy was able to answer Socrates’ geometrical question, the dialogue stated that the boy hesitated and also made a mistake before arriving at the correct answer. â€Å"At first the boy says that if you double the length of each side of the first square, you will get a second square that is exactly twice the size of the first square†¦the boy quickly realizes that his first answer is wrong. (Velasquez 324) His knowledge was based on observation not innate knowledge. The boy was able to use his visual perception to determine the measurements of the squares. As Locke would say, â€Å"Reason is our intellect, our power to think and make judgments based on our sensory experience† (Locke 59). It merely takes reason and reflection to first observe the dimensions of square and then come to a re alization about how to double the square. Although he was answering a question, Socrates used an example of an imperfect square and then asked him to solve the question. The answer was discovered through trial and error. It was clearly not based on innate knowledge but visual senses. I agree with Locke’s theory because it is the most reasonable approach to the idea of gaining knowledge. With out sensory perception feeding us, we have nothing to base our knowledge on. We have been born with blank slate, but are still equipped with reason as human beings. One can relate scientific discoveries to sensory perceptions because all scientific knowledge comes from observations. One cannot call something a scientific discovery if it does not have evidence to back up their hypotheses. The evidence used does not come from innate knowledge, but from observation, touching, hearing, smelling, tasting. If, according to Plato and Descartes, basic science and math were innately known, then science would not improve. If science were innate, scientists would not have a job, and everyone wouldn’t be arguing about their beliefs. Science is constantly discovering something new, constantly realizing that something once thought as true, turned out to be false. For example, Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is based on mathematical structures and therefore is valid in the eyes of a rationalist. But if this knowledge were innate it would automatically have to be true. Scientists just recently have discovered subatomic particles that defy the theory of relativity, as these particles move faster than the speed of light. If this is the case, it is impossible to say that innate knowledge is the only truth. The whole world would have to be in agreement and collectively accept things as they are, and the world is nothing like that. We can all agree to this because we have all gained knowledge through the use of our senses. Knowledge itself is something that we as humans are still discovering, questioning and experiencing in our own way. John Locke helps us to see that knowledge is something gained individually, in our own ways, in our own time. We all have something in common and that is our ability to use our senses in such ways that we have been able to create magnificent pieces of art, unravel the mysteries of the universe, invent new and convenient strategies for the human race and so on. All this made possible by the pursuit of knowledge. Works cited Books Hutchins, Robert Maynard// Rene Descartes// Baruch Spinoza. Great Books of the Western World: Descartes Spinoza. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952. Print. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. Kenneth Winkler. Hackett Publishing Company, 1996. Velasquez, Manuel. â€Å"Chapter 5: The Source of Knowledge. † Philosophy. 10th ed. Belmont: Thomas Wadsworth, 2008. 320-33. Print. Websites Albert. â€Å"Criticisms to Descartes’ Cogito  « Albert’s PHI101/103 Weblog. Albert’s PHI101/103 Weblog. 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. http://ajfphi. wordpress. com/2008/04/01/criticisms-to-descartes-cogito/. â€Å"John Locke – Philosopher – Biography. † The European Graduate School – Media and Communication – Graduate Postgraduate Studies Program. 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. http://www. egs. edu/library/john-locke/biography/. Uzgalis, William, â⠂¬Å"John Locke†, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta  (ed. ), URL = http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2010/entries/locke/. How to cite The Validity of Knowledge, Papers

Increasing Gap between Wealthy and Poor †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Increasing Gap between Wealthy and Poor? Answer: Introduction Gap between rich and poor keeps growing. Inequality it refers to the increase in economic gap among the groups and individuals within a society. In other words we can say it is the increase in the gap between rich and poor, rich are becoming richer and poor are becoming poorest (Harding 1997). Since the year 1980s Australia faced problem of wage disparities. Inequality in Australia took a lead after Global Recession which leads to large hike in the real incomes of the people. Inequality may lead to many problems for poor peoples for their livelihood or for survival they need money. This situation is not only in Australia but there are many other countries in which there is gap between wealthy and poor. Government should take some steps to reduce the problem which is faced by poor peoples. Increase in income inequality gap In Australia this gap is becoming wider day by day; the data shows how inequality is increasing: half of the income is received by top 20% of households and just 4% income is received by bottom 20%. We can clearly see the gap in income one group is getting almost half and other is getting only 4% (News 2016). There are some specific areas where we found inequality level is high such as NSW (0.42) is having highest inequality among the rich and poor in 2011, Second last is Tasmania (0.38) and then comes Northern Territory (0.40), where we will find the gap is increasing day by day. Gini co- efficient is the tool through which we can measure the statistical data or degree of variation in set of values in income inequality. Gini 0 shows that the total income of the Australia is distributed evenly in population of the region. So the above diagram shows the areas of Australia where inequality is on peak and it shows the data of 2011 and 2001. So we can see the comparison that the level of inequality increased in 2011. This data is based on the assumption saying that the 30% of families in the richest income bracket and rest on the middle and poor bracket (The conversation 2015). Role of income distribution for growth Income distribution is not only important for the poor peoples of Australia but it is also important for the growth of country. As per the study of IMF, we found that income inequality negative affects growth and its sustainability. We find an inverse relationship between the economic growth and incometax share accruing to rich (top 20%). If the income share of 20% increased by 1%, then GDP growth is 0.08% lower in the coming five years. This data shows that how inequality affects the growth the country. In Australia, there was an increase in inequality from 2011-2014 which left an impact on economy and it should that economy could cost up to $500 per person in the coming year 2019-2020. After this fact, it is suggested that government should take some steps to reduce inequality; otherwise it will cost Australia 3% of GDP in the next 25 years. The analysis conducted in Australia shows that between 2012 and 2014, Australians income shows an increment from 32%-33%. Government should ma ke changes in the policy which includes wage slabs for middle class and working class Australians and also to ensure that people reliant on government payments should get adequate income (Australian economy 2016). Impact of income inequality The impact of inequality in Australia became a major impact for the Australians. There are some of the impacts of inequality in Australia such as- Living standard, childrens education, technological change. Living standard: - With the increasing gap between the wealthy and poor there is gap in the living standard of peoples. With the good income rich people will live luxury life where they will get comfort and satisfaction on the other hand poor that is facing problem because with their salary they will be able to fulfill basic needs. So this creates a big gap between wealthy and poor (McDonald 2000). Childrens education: - People who are earning low will not be able to spend amount in their childrens education, on the hand people whose income slab is good will give good education to their childrens. Ultimately the output will be, youth who is passed out from good school or college will get good job and good income but others have to face income inequality problem again which shows that situation get repeated (Chapman 1997). Technological change: - With the update and changes in the technology company hire more employees with good skill. Company will give placement to good qualified candidates who have skills, not only this company can replace their old employees with the new qualified workers; those who will be able to cope up with the technological changes. This will lead to job security problem and unemployment for the workers (Jaumotte, Lall and Papageorgiou 2013). Income Inequality leads to competition Income Inequality plays a vital role in the competition between peoples. Many people believe that inequality in income is fair for the people who are skilled, getting good pay and unskilled people who are getting less pay. In a competition two people with different skills compete with each other and accordingly they will be entitled to get income (Kay and Thompson 1986). Suppose a person is having good skills for leading in company then he can think for good future ahead and might get leadership opportunity. On the other hand a person who is at learning phase trying to learn leadership skills will require time to show performance and skills to a company. This leads to competition between two of them and skilled person will get good income and other person has to wait for the next opportunity. Fairness among the peoples Income Inequality leads to fairness for the peoples who are working hard for the achievement. Some people might believe that people who are working with full dedication and trying to achieve target maximum should get good income than the others who are just completing work (Ellem, Baird, Lansbury and Cooper 2005). Suppose in an organization there is a target work in which they have a different slabs for income according to target. Person who is delivering 90% of target and who is delivering 95% of target, both are in same slab, so in this person who is trying hard and achieving 95% is not getting any extra amount for achieving 95%. This leads to clashes between the employees of the company and hence here income inequality is required to keep fairness in employees. Conclusion The analysis of the issue shows that Australia is facing gap between wealthy and poor. This gap is increasing day by day and people are facing problems for this, there is need of government to take some steps considering the current situation of the country they should make changes in the monetary policy, fiscal policy and taxation system which helps in reducing gap between peoples (Buchanan 1950). Income inequality situation is impacting not only Australia but the whole word is facing this situation. Considering the government effects for reducing the gap we can say that with the implementations of plan there will be a positive change. Doors will be open for the growth and development of the world, people standard of living will increase and hence education of youth will help to fill the remaining gap between the wealthy and poor. Inequality income gap not only brings change in the people life but also effects the GDP growth. References Australian economy, 2016, Rising inequality in Australia could cost 3% of GDP, study finds, viewed on 9th May 2017, viewed from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/22/rising-inequality-in-australia-could-cost-3-of-gdp-study-finds Buchanan, J.M., 1950. Federalism and fiscal equity. The American Economic Review, 40(4), pp.583-599. Chapman, B., 1997. Conceptual issues and the Australian experience with income contingent charges for higher education. The Economic Journal, 107(442), pp.738-751. Ellem, B., Baird, M., Lansbury, R.D. and Cooper, R., 2005. Workchoices, myth-making at work:[Paper in: Whose Choices? Analysis of the Current Industrial Relations' Reforms'.]. Journal of Australian Political Economy, The, (56), p.13. Harding, A., 1997. The suffering middle: trends in income inequality in Australia, 1982 to 1993-94. Canberra: NATSEM. Jaumotte, F., Lall, S. and Papageorgiou, C., 2013. Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), pp.271-309. Kay, J.A. and Thompson, D.J., 1986. Privatisation: a policy in search of a rationale. The economic journal, 96(381), pp.18-32. McDonald, P., 2000. Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility. Journal of population Research, 17(1), pp.1-16. News, 2016, Income inequality means were no longer the land of the middle class, viewed on 9th May 2017 from https://www.news.com.au/national/income-inequality-means-were-no-longer-the-land-of-the-middle-class/news-story/90821b0b0b013babd29d2ac4c5dfd304 The conversation, 2015, Rich and poor: which areas of Australia are most unequal?, viewed on 9th May 2017 from https://theconversation.com/rich-and-poor-which-areas-of-australia-are-most-unequal-42409

Jobs Are Not For Everyone Essays - Social History,

Jobs Are Not For Everyone In the eighteen years I have been on this planet there are a few important things I have learned. One of the most important things I have learned is that jobs are not for me, at least not at this point in my life. Many different employers have employed me and I have had a taste of what the job world is all about, but I don't want any part of it. Every job I have had has had people above me who were not always the most intelligent people around. There is nothing I hate more than unintelligent people telling me what to do. I have worked at a grocery store, a trailer campground, a beach and a pool, all of which I have had mentally inferior superiors. But of the jobs I have listed, the one place that is the worst to work at is a grocery store. The tasks one is asked to do as an employee of a grocery store are unimaginable. I think that being employed, especially to a grocery store, is not a good idea for teenagers because there are usually unintelligent people running them, it infringes on teenage lives, and some aspects of most jobs are disgusting. Bosses are probably the most difficult part of being employed to me. At the grocery store that I worked at for a short period of time, I remember being constantly pulled aside and being told that I wasn't bagging the groceries properly. The strange part was that when my boss would tell me these things he would always take me to isle seven to yell and scream at me. Why couldn't he take me into his office where it would be private? Instead he would make a big scene in front of all the old women shopping for those lovely canned foods and completely embarrass me. I never understood that. There was another reason why I knew my boss wasn't the brightest candle on the cake. I always had to remind him that I only worked on Mondays and Wednesdays, but he could never grasp the concept. For some reason he was convinced that I worked everyday. Two days out of the five days I didn't work I would get a call from good old Bob asking ? why aren't you here yet?' I would always say ? Bob, don't you re member, I only work two days a week, and this isn't one of them.? Then he would say ? Oh yea, sorry kid, see ya' tomorrow?. So that was a frequent thing for Bob. Over all I would say that most bosses are strange people to deal with, and hard people to work for, and there is enough confusion in a teenager's life without someone like Bob to add a little more. Being in high school is a busy time of one's life, and having a job makes it even busier. For myself, I think that having a boss that wasn't that bright made things even harder. One time I can recall where my job really interfered with my life was when I had tickets to go see a concert. Unfortunately I had to work that day. I did not see any big problem with this; I would just take the day off. Not with Bob around. To someone like him, groceries are life and they should be for everyone, especially me. Well little did he know that this little situation would end my employment with that wonderful shopping facility. I told him I wanted to see this show and he pulled out the big gun; he said ? Son, I don't want to be a jerk but if you're going to miss work for some concert, I'll have to ask you to leave, for good.? I told him I understood and needless to say I left. Come on, how many times does your favorite band come to town? I think it was well worth it. I am only a teenager once and I will work the rest of my life. Jobs and teens do not mix. The worst part of employment is the nasty little tasks one must perform while on duty. Every job

In The Womb essays

In The Womb essays The National Geographic Video, In the Womb makes use of 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional sonar technology to depict a babys development in its mothers womb. It depicts the development from a collection of cells, to a fully formed baby in the last months of pregnancy. Inside its mothers womb, the baby is shown in real time, making movements such as sucking its thumb, smiling, blinking, and making finger movements. The film also includes scenes of in-utero surgery to correct a genetic defect before birth. The film is an example of how technology can be used to not only improve physical human health, but also emotional health. Being able to see, in real time, the development of the fetus inside her body can have a powerful effect on an expectant mother and father, especially with their first-born. They are able to see, right from the beginning, the development and growth of their baby. This technology provides a very strong emotional bond between the parents and child, as well as between the parents. This can bring about an emotional process that may encourage the mother to take better care of her and thus her infants physical health as well. Feeling movement inside her body, the mother can now visualize the growing baby, and find the process of pregnancy and birth more meaningful and possibly somewhat easier to handle. The National Geographic video can therefore make people even more aware of the precious nature of new life. While it is not possible to make such a video for every expectant mother, seeing this video can help expectant parents to be more aware of the process inside the womb. Furthermore, if technology or funds are not available for 4-D sonar photography, the video can supplement normal sonar technology to help parents be more aware of the coming child. In this way, National Geographic has created a well-constructed video to answer many of the questions regarding the begi...

Make a Fake Neon Sign Using Fluorescence

Make a Fake Neon Sign Using Fluorescence Do you love the look of neon signs, but want an inexpensive alternative that you can customize to say whatever you want? You can make a fake neon sign using fluorescence to make inexpensive common materials glow. Fake Neon Sign Materials You only need a few basic materials for this project. Flexible plastic tubing (usually sold as aquarium tubing)Glue gunCardboard or other stiff backing for your signFluorescent highlighter pen or laundry detergentWaterBlack light Make the Fake Neon The plastic tubing will glow blue under a black light, so technically this project will work if you simply form a sign with the tubing and illuminate it with a black light (ultraviolet lamp). However, youll get a much brighter glow if you fill the tubing with a fluorescent liquid, such as a small amount of laundry detergent dissolved in water (bright blue) or a fluorescent highlighter ink pad in water (available in various colors). Tip: A lot of highlighter pens called fluorescent markers arent actually fluorescent. Write a quick note on paper and shine a black light on it to determine whether or not the ink fluoresces. Yellow almost always glows. Blue rarely does. Make the Sign Design Practice forming the word you want on your sign so that you can get an idea of how much tubing will be required.Cut the tubing somewhat longer than what you think you will need.Fill the plastic tubing with your fake neon. Put one end of the tubing into the fluorescent liquid and raise it higher than the other end of the tubing. Place the lower end of the tubing into a cup so you wont have a big mess. Let gravity pull the liquid down the tube.When the tubing is filled with liquid, seal its ends with beads of hot glue. Allow the glue to cool before proceeding to make sure you have a good seal on your neon.Apply hot glue to stick the tubing to the backing you have selected. Form the word for your sign. If you are making a sign that uses multiple words, you will need separate tubes for each word.If you have excess tubing, carefully cut the end and seal it with hot glue.Illuminate the sign by turning on a black light. A fluorescent light fixture will provide some glow, but for a bright ne on appearance, use a black light.

Research Articles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Articles - Assignment Example The variable being measured is the perceived loving attitude of mothers between children of working and non-working mothers. The research question in this t-test analysis was that; is there a significant difference between the mean of the working mothers and the mean of non-working mothers in the perceived loving mother attitude? One way analysis of variance showed that, based on perceived punishing father, there was a significant interaction between mother’s work status and gender [perceived punishing father: ()]. In this case the test is trying to determine, based on perceived punishing father attitude, whether there are significant difference among the means of the four different groups i.e. male children from working mothers, female children from working mothers, male children from non-working mothers and female children from non-working mothers. In the article, Chi-square test indicated that the mother’s education was effective in mother’s working status (). In this example, chi-square was used to test whether there was a significant statistical association between the working status of the mother and her education level. A correlation test was done between perceived loving mother attitude and perceived loving father attitude. The correlation reports was that there was a positive and highly significant relationship between the two variables (r= 0.472, p=.001). The research question; is perceived loving mother attitude and perceived loving father attitude correlated This value gives a p-value of .000. This p-value is lower than the critical p-value hence the null hypothesis which says that the two variables are independent is rejected. This shows that the test was significant. 6. According to the selected test, the working status of the mother () was insignificant in terms of the score for perceived loving mother attitude. In the perceived punishing father attitude, the mother’s

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example The economies of the world hang on legislation passed global environmental law making bodies like the United Nations (IPCC Secretariat).    Fossil fuel is what drives the global economy, everything from your car to get to work, to the transnational shipping chain around the world. Business revolves around fuel and our nations revolve around that very business to build strong financial systems. How does fossil fuel cause climate change? Well, the answer lays around particular greenhouse gases that are released into the atmosphere. Like a greenhouse these gases allow heat from the sun to pass through the ozone layer and trap infra red radiation inside the layer, causing the earth to heat up if the right conditions are met for such a thing to happen (Goldberg D. 1993, 244-51).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Climate Change happens naturally. Some factors that contribute to the earths climate change in the past deal with volcanic activity, continental drift, ocean heat exchange and atmospheric chemistry. This in relation to the global carbon cycle gives scientist and pro fuel lobbyist something to cheer about. But since man has been driving his cars and burning his refined fuels, man-made greenhouse gases have been presented to the atmosphere as well. Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons all have taken shelter in the atmosphere. The intergovernmental board on climate alter stated there was a "discernible" human pressure on climate; and that the pragmatic warming trend is "unlikely to be completely natural in origin." In the mainly present Third Assessment Report the panel wrote "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." These gases o nly make up three percent of the earths atmosphere, But that small percent can have catastrophic events on climate patterns all over the world (Intergovernmental Panel, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So far the

Water Scarcity is a Real Threat Essay Example for Free

Water Scarcity is a Real Threat Essay The next war ripping across continents may well be triggered by water scarcity. Already a third of the world is suffering from water shortages. Ironically, rainfall has been adequate. The water is there. But what has gone awry is its management. Water scarcity in Asia and Australia alone affects a fourth of the world’s population and is triggered by over-usage whereas in Africa, it is lack of adequate infrastructure that wreaks havoc. Water scarcity around the world has come about primarily due to quintessentially wasteful practices that have seeped into present-day agriculture which sadly mops up 80% of fresh water. Over the past 100 years, water usage has gone up by six times globally, and is threatening to double again by the year 2050, driven mainly by demands of irrigation and increased agricultural activities. Current methods of irrigation will have to be urgently revisited and more efficient means reinvented. Problems of water scarcity can best be addressed by better efficiency in its utilisation, recycling, pricing of water (and the electricity used for lifting and conveying the water) where not already in vogue, transportation without losses, leaks and pilferage, and through education of the perils of the dangers to all humanity that is presently straining at the tethers due to the current reckless abandon with which it has been mismanaged. Interestingly rich nations like Australia are not immune to water scarcity. An urban Australian on the average trashes 300 litres of water daily and the European notches 200 litres, while the sub-Saharan African makes do with less than 20 litres a day. On the other side, one never ceases to marvel at Israel, which has truly mastered the art and science of water and its sustainable utilisation, conservation and augmentation. For a country that receives a best average rainfall of about 700 mm annually (in the Zefat region in the northern mountainous terrain), its agricultural productivity puts to shame any other agricultural economy. Here, efficiency of farm production is calibrated against water used for irrigation and a deterrent placed on its wastage. With agriculture being the main culprit for abysmal water scarcity, one should look up to advances in genetic engineering that has notched a few successes in ameliorating this acute paucity of water by suitably altering the plantâ€⠄¢s architecture, reduced need for water through modifications of internal anatomy and adjustments of crop physiology, besides enabling plants to survive and succeed in saline, salty and harsh environments. Improving the efficiency of agricultural production and water use are fundamental to any blueprint for a sustainable and equitable growth. The Murray-Darling that runs through Australian agricultural heartland has been steadily receding, triggered in part by an unprecedented string of droughts and exasperated by incessant siphoning for irrigation purposes. The Mekong, running through Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam is another startling example of how a once life-sustaining force could threaten the very communities that it once helped found and nurture. Nearer at home the muffled rumblings that one hears from time to time in some high-fluted national seminar where the wind bags wax eloquently of the virtues of linking rivers to ward off a cataclysmic disaster in the making is all hog wash. The idea of ‘linking rivers’ is a dated notion, tracing its origins to Sir Arthur Cotton in the 19th century. Akin to Captain Dastur’s ‘Garland Canal’, Dr K L R ao’s proposal of a Ganga-Cauvery Link was another idea that was just as handsomely popular as it was ridiculously impractical! Rao’s plan envisaged the link to take off near Patna, pass through the basins of the Sone, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers before joining the Cauvery upstream of the Grand Anicut. Traversing 2,640 km, 60,000 cusecs of water were to be drawn from the flood flows of the Ganges for 150 days in the year. A substantial part of that water was to be lifted over 450 metres. The scheme was abandoned for its huge financial costs and large energy requirements, besides the colossal misery that it would have wreaked on hapless hamlets and populations of people in the millions along the trail of this grandiose link. Techno-economic viability apart, diversion of waters from the Ganges would have unfailingly embroiled India in an international dispute with neighbouring Bangladesh for such a flagrant violation. Based on environmental impact assessments, multi-criteria cost/benefit analyses, qualitative assessments of non-quantifiable considerations and rigorous investment appraisals, the National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development Plan summarily rejected all but one of the river-linking proposals with the conclusion that the â€Å"the assessed needs of the basins could be met from full development and efficient utilisation of intra-basin resources except in the case of Cauvery and Vaigai basins†. A PIL filed in the Supreme Court in 2002 elicited a direction to accelerate the ‘linking of rivers’ by the learned judiciary. Debatable as the propriety of judicial directions on such a subject might be, the process brought to the fore a staggering revelation of cost of the order of Rs. 5,60,000 crore, according to one estimate! As a country, we simply don’t enjoy that kind of a luxury. Instead of frittering away our limited resources on such grandiose s chemes, we’d do well to channel our energies on micro-projects that collectively aim at conservation of water and promote its sustainable use through judicious management. The success of rain-water harvesting schemes in some of our states and the resultant improvement of ground water is a case in point. Likewise, the de-silting and strengthening of temple tanks and community water bodies ought to be practiced beyond symbolic gestures of photo-ops for the politically inclined. Polluting users of water sources need to be provided alternate, technology-driven solutions and continued intransigence must attract severe penalties under the law. Populist measures of providing free use of electricity and water for agriculture must be weaned down and agricultural productivity must reflect efficient use of energy and water inputs. Water shortage hinders total sanitation project Though 50% of village panchayats have achieved 100% total sanitation and got the Nirmal Puraskar tag, defecation in the open still continues and is more evident in the plains areas of the district. According to total sanitation project officer Taranath, 65 village panchayats out of 226 have received this award from the Union government and panchayats with a population of 5,000 and above got Rs 5 lakh and panchayats below 5,000 got Rs 2 lakh cash awards with citations. He said 35 panchayats are ready to get this award as they have fulfilled all the required parameters. When TOI visited some village panchayats in the plains, the toilets constructed were being used for some other purpose and families still prefer defecating in the open. In many houses, toilets have been converted into small godowns to store agricultural seeds, manure or other materials. When asked why they werent being used for the original purpose, they attributed this to water scarcity. Many said they arent getting enough drinking water for domestic use itself. In Malnad region, this programme has gathered momentum and some villages have been achieved 100% total sanitation. Sringeri and Narasimharajapura taluk in this area have been declared total sanitation taluks. Koppa taluk is just short of three panchayats to get this prestigious tag. The project was started in 2005 and so far 1,44,808 families have shown interest in constructing their own toilets in the backyard but 1,33,362 families are yet to get converted to this idea. For BPL families, the government gives Rs.3,500 as subsidy to construct toilets but even these families are not ready to have their own toilets. Water scarcity affects business of 60% Indian companies: An overwhelming majority of Indian companies consider water scarcity an increasing business risk, prompting them to conserve the commodity, a survey has revealed. As many as 83% respondents identified inadequate availability of water as a major risk to their business, in a survey of 27 major industrial sectors conducted by the US-based Columbia Water Center in association with industry lobby FICCI. While 60% respondents said inadequate availability of water was already impacting their business, 87% said the scarcity would impact their business 10 years down the line.

Creating a Vending Machine with Lego Mindstorm :: Robotics

Creating a Vending Machine with Lego Mindstorm Abstract: Vending machines have come a long way, since their introduction to human society thousands of years ago. Although the basic concept of a vending machine has not changed, modern day technology has significantly enhanced them. Our vending machine is no different. Although our vending machine is not top of the line, it is also not such a bad one either. We started out with building the five main components of a vending machine: the dispenser, trough, selection device, and payment reader entirely out of LEGOs. We decided on a door like dispenser and buttons as a selection device. The payment we decided to accept were barcodes. The only component that was actually giving us trouble was the dispenser. Our first dispenser design was severely flawed. After coming up with a door like mechanism, the dispenser was easily fixed. Although we did prove our hypothesis to be correct, there are still many improvements that we could make such as improving the design to make it easier to maintain. Question: Is it possible to create an operational candy machine with only LEGOs? Purpose: To build a candy machine that is capable of:  · Reading a barcode  · Detecting if it is a fake or not  · Sending a signal to the other RCX to allow to user to: 1) Select the candy 2) While making sure that the machine remains stationary Background: The History of Counterfeiting the US Currency The counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in history. Therefore I needed to find out the ways I could use a LEGO RCX to recognize a correct bill and reject it if it is fake. The History: During the American Revolution, the British counterfeited U.S. currency in such large amounts that the Continental currency soon became worthless. "Not worth a Continental" became a popular expression that is still heard today. During the Civil War, one-third to one-half of the currency in circulation was counterfeit. At that time, approximately 1,600 state banks designed and printed their own bills. Each bill carried a different design, making it difficult to detect counterfeit bills from the 7,000 varieties of real bills. A national currency was adopted in 1862 to resolve the counterfeiting problem. However, the national currency was soon counterfeited and circulated so extensively that it became necessary to take enforcement measures. Therefore, on July 5, 1865, the United States Secret Service was established to suppress the wide-spread counterfeiting of this nation's currency. Although the counterfeiting of money was substantially suppressed after the establishment of the Secret Service, this crime still represents a potential danger to the Nation's economy.

Comtemparory Business

There are many companies that make products that go head to head. Coca Cola and Pepsi are an example of such reveries. There has been many taste test and competitions that Involved the soda kings. This reverie has been going on for over a century. (See appendix 1) The start of this long standing soda war began 1 886 when creator John S. Pentameter developed the original recipe for Coke. Then 13 years later Pepsi creator pharmacist Caleb Abraham developed his formula. By this time Coca-Cola was already fulfilling order that totaled a million gallons per year.Coke hen continue to develop its iconic bottle in 1921, they then secured huge name endorsements deals, expanded to Europe and Cuba, Canada and Panama. In the Interim, peeps went bankrupt because of WI In 1923. Pepsi Is fully revived fully In 1931 and begin a campaign to rival coke back and forward. Although Pepsi never really tops Coke in soda sales the Pepsi Company is still more profitable than Coke due to their diversity of th e many other products they sell. Coke spends a half a billion more on advertising than Pepsi. (See appendix 2) (Basin, 2013) Corporate CulturePerformance with a purpose Is the PepsiCo corporate culture motto. The PepsiCo CEO, Indri K. Onion, states: Ethics and growth are connected is a broadly shared understanding in today's business world. But these words appeared in the PepsiCo Annual Report back in 1968?just three years after the Pepsi-Cola Company and the Frito-Lay Company merged to form PepsiCo. It is a testament to how long we have treasured the belief that corporate capabilities and corporate character are not Just Integrated, but Inseparable. (Company T. P. 2013) Here she Is stating that ethics Is an Intricate part of PepsiCo culture and It has en for many, many years. This is before it has been before it has been set and a standard in the business world today. She goes on to speak about how this ideal has made Pepsi the innovator and leader in such areas from civil rights t o scholarships to recycling. The Pepsi Company believes that its investment in the future by way of environmental protection, Investing back Into the community and performance with purpose keeps the company ahead of the global challenges shaping the industry.Coca Cola Company's President and COO Glen Walter states that: Since our first odd fountain sales in 1886, we have been a driver of marketplace innovation and an investor in local economies. Today we lead the beverage industry with more than 500 beverage brands including four of the world's top-five sparkling brands. But while our business opportunities are enormous, our commitment to our consumers and the communities In which we operate Is even greater. According to the website the company's focus is Sustainability and growth.The company strives to continue to be a leader of the soda world. The mission statement reads: Our Roadman starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world†¦ To create value and make a difference. (company T. C. , 2013) It seems that the Coca Cola Co does not talk about it ties and comments to the community and the future but Just to the sustainability of the company.The advisements appear to be community based it does not seem to resonate through the corporate culture. The difference of corporate culture seems to be Pepsi seems to embody forwardness of the company and community since sass's. Whereas n the other had Coca Cola seems to Just in the recent 20 years or so adopted the community with the development of its Coca Cola Foundation. Benefits of competition The battle between the two great giants has sparked new and innovative ways to stay above the competition.One example of a intense exchange that take place during the Cola Wars was Coca-Cola deciding to a strategic retreat minion, by publicizing its plans to bring back the original coke recipe after the introduction of New Coke. The wars also lead to Pepsi realizing that its grip on the soda world was not as evident ND they decided in 1965 to diversify and acquired ownership of Frito-lay Company. (Basin, 2013) Another benefit of the wars are the introduction in the late sass, Pepsi launched its most profitable long-term strategy of the Cola Wars, called Pepsi Stuff.This was a point system where Pepsi consumers drank Pepsi and received points to buy free Pepsi lifestyle merchandise. After researching the company launched the program and it gained instant success. Millions of patrons take part in the program. This move also made Pepsi highly popular and it outperformed Coke during the summer of the Atlanta Olympics which is in the hometown of Coke. Later in 2005 Coca-Cola and Pepsi started a â€Å"cyber-war† with the re-introduction of Pepsi Stuff in 2005 ; Coca-Cola strikes back with Coke Rewards.A third benefit is in 1985, Coca-Cola and Pepsi were launched into sp ace aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. The companies had invented special cans to test packaging and dispensing systems for use in zero G conditions. The experiment was classified a failure by the shuttle crew, primarily due to the lack of both refrigeration and gravity. But this pushed the companies and it lead to the invention of the Coca-Cola fountain dispenser. (Russell, 012) Continue to Thrive I speculate that Pepsi will continue to bill there brand threw the food brand versus just focusing on the soda side of things.Coca Cola now is focusing plans to focus on build its brand throughout the world and community. The Journey is called Me, We and the world. The company has made the statement that they are committed to grow the business in an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable way. (Company T. C. , 2013) These statements are a part of their investment sustainability plan. The soda wars have gone on for centuries and although never company will admit o the ongo ing competition, they both are innovators in the world of business and will continue to forge on to success.

Ray Ban Brand Audit

Following this powerful flow and the popularity reached with the Aviator, during the following years they Introduced In the market new versions of the classic model (this mime for shooting sports) with the â€Å"sweat bar†, and gradient lenses. Secondly, talking about lifestyle and cool, they introduced in 1952 another classic, the â€Å"Ray-Ban Wayfarer†. This model became popular in Hollywood and has been used by a lot of actors in several films (I. E. Blues Brother), getting more and more the â€Å"image† of cool and trendy during these years.Several other models were made, but between ass and ass the company's masterpieces remained the Aviator and Wayfarer. Still nowadays when we think about the brand these are the two first models that come up in our minds. In 1999 the brand has been sold to the Italian Ululation S. P. A for $million. Today Ray-Ban Is an Icon for young and cool people. The line that connects old-school with the present: models never changed and you can still find the high-quality that characterized the company for years and years.Their slogan is now (since 2007) â€Å"Never Hide†, encouraging people to show themselves in the way they are, authentically and without being afraid about external Judgments. History timeline The target-market has been set to focus on people between 18 and 34 years old. A huge gap with a lot of strong competitors. To lead the market today Ray-Ban can position itself referring to its strong key-points: Rich historical story and enduring legacy Design and style considered as â€Å"eternal† 0 products never changed since 1937! Aviator and Wayfarer occupies a unique place in costumer's mind â€Å"Classic is Cool†.Mental map Linked with the company's positioning on the market it is interesting and very important for managers to see what people think about the brand. As said before, an easy and useful way to analyses that is to create a mental map. According to the results of t he survey we made, here our mental map: Core Brand associations Going deeper with our Brand audit, here we have the most common â€Å"famous† association people link with Ray-Ban thinking about the Hollywood World. Brand audit Nowadays, more than in the past, managers are so focused on marketing and brands.All around us there is a huge variety between products and services that are almost the same and in the majority of the cases customers are driven towards a specific product. Instead we chose another brand Just because of a good marketing campaign and because of the brand. The power of brand is so way stronger than what we actually think. According to the literature (Keller, 2013) for that reason companies are studying brand and spending lot of money in marketing. Talking about accounting, if managers have to analyses ROI (return on investment) on the first hand, on the second one now they also have ROOM (return of marketing investment).As said before brands are strictly co nnected within costumers and the market where the company is working in. But in which way managers can analyses the overall situation to understand what they have to do to be more effective and profitable? They have to focus first of all on a Brand audit. According to the literature (Chipper, 2010) and following the definition used in accounting, an audit is â€Å"a systematic inspection by an outside accounting company including analyses, tests, sec.Even (Keller 2013), we can define a Marketing Audit as â€Å"a comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company, regarding strategies, objectives, marketing environment problems and opportunities that can guarantee the company to come up with a plan of action able to boost company's performance†. Brand Audit is necessary to understand where companies' brand stands and what is the value perceived by costumers. When analyzing we have some steps to follow. On the first hand, Internal Factors that are her e again sub-divided into three-step procedure.From the bottom to the top we have here fixing goals and scope, then the data collection and the final step with the report and analysis on what studied. On the second hand External Factors, these are more linked with costumers and the ways on how to improve brand equity. Mixing up internal and external factors managers can understand the firm's perspective and the costumers' one (so what the company think about the brand and what actually costumers think about it when they see it). These two perspectives should match up.In the table below you can see some of the most important elements from internal and external factors. Internal Positioning Brand Values Brand promise Voice Services linked with the product External Corporate identity Advertising Social Media Sponsor/member-ships Perceived health of the brand (Mildness. Com, â€Å"Brand audit†, Rob Williams, 3110112013) According to the literature (Keller, 2013), following these t wo aspects managers can come up with two necessary elements they have to analyses: Brand Inventory: analyzing how products and services offered by the company are earned and marketed.The brand can in that way be catalogued with its defined profile. As well as you analyses your brand managers have to do the same with competitors. Profiling competitive brands is necessary to comprehend differences or common pints. Goal is to analyses costumers and reach detailed information about what they actually think regarding the brand. According to the literature (Keller, 2013), two important outcomes can help marketing managers to analyses the brand are Mental maps and Core Brand Associations.Using mental maps asking costumers â€Å"When you think about that brand what comes up? You can understand what people think about your brand and what are the main points that are associated to it. Talking about Core Brand Associations, those are all the abstract associations costumers can give to the bra nd (I. E. When you think about Nikkei you think about Tiger Woods. And if some top athletes use the brand you probably link that brand with quality and reliability). When making a brand audit, another important aspect to analyses is the brand positioning.Where and in which way we want to show the brand, the target-market we want to reach. And of course the company's hypothetical positioning has to match p with costumers' brand perception. Linked with positioning is the Brand Portfolio. Here all the sub-family brands of the company are included, specifying the target- market where they are in and which product they serve. The brand portfolio must be clear and well defined, because costumers cannot be confused when they have to choose a product from the same company.In that case centralization problems can be reached really easily. Power grid Brand attributes Before digging deeper into the Brand attributes of Ray Ban, we should be clear about the definition of Brand attributes. In gen eral the brand attributes are the responses by a consumer to a brand (De Cornerstone & McDonald, 1998). Those responses depend according to Keller (1993) on their favorable or unfavorable knowledge about the brand, which results from their level of awareness and the image they have about the brand. These two core components are the heart of any brand attributes.Brand awareness is the consumers' ability to identify the brand with a specific product category (De Cornerstone & McDonald, 1998). Brand awareness is most commonly measured trough the following ways: Brand recognition- the consumer's recognize the following brand? Brand recall- The ability of the consumer to think of the brand when only been given the product category. ‘What brand comes first to your mind when thinking of sunglasses? Brand dominance- identifies the most important brand of one product category in the consumers mind. ‘When purchasing your next pair of sunglasses, which brand would you go for?Brand knowledge- this identifies how the values that are linked with a particular brand are perceived by the consumer. ‘Do you believe that the lenses of Ray Ban sunglasses offer you a full protection of your eyes? The second core component is the brand image. There are many different definitions on this term; Kettle (Kettle , 1988)describes it† as the set of beliefs held about a particular brand† or â€Å"a set of associations, usually organized in some meaningful way' (Shaker, 1992) A brand image can be seen as a unique collection of attributes that are connected to a brand in the mind of a consumer.The image can be influenced by many different factors such as, word-of-mouth, marketing or communication campaigns, slogan, logo or the packaging of the product. All of those factors should be taken into account by the management team of a firm and ruefully chosen to avoid a misunderstanding of the consumer by any chance. In this part we want to go deeper into the brand at tributes that are connected with Ray Ban in the mind of the consumers. We did not want to use second-hand research about this topic because the sources were not very reliable, that we could find on the internet.Because of this we decided to include one question into our survey that will tell us more about the attributes. We asked the participants of the questionnaire to write down what first comes to their minds when thinking of Ray Ban. In the following we would like to show the most common answers in bullet points: Figure The â€Å"N† of 34 participants is caused by the fact that not all people that took part in the survey filled out this question. The other answers that were given in the survey can be found in the appendix of this paper.As we can see from the results, two of the most names attributes are actual products of Ray Ban, the Aviator and the Wayfarer. This can be seen as a huge advantage for the firm, because also the overall attributes named by the participants of our survey were positive. Brand portfolio Before taking a closer look at Ray Bans brand portfolio it is important to understand hat a brand portfolio is in general, what it is used for and take a look at the main advantages and disadvantages of this tool.Keller(2012) define the brand portfolio as the set of different brands that a particular firm offers for sale to buyers in a particular category. The portfolio is a part of the brand architecture, that provides general guidelines about its branding strategy and which brand elements to apply across all the different products. There are many different opinions on the number of brands that should be included in the portfolio. According to Seafarer(1994) a large ND enjoy synergies in the development and sharing of specialized brand management capabilities, such as brand equity tracking, market research and media buying.Seeker and Cravings(1990) state that it enables the firm to build greater market share by better satisfying heteroge neous customer needs. On the other hand there are authors that recommend Just the opposite; to keep the number of brands rather small to assure the manageability. A larger number of brands could be inefficient because they lower manufacturing and distribution economies (Finked, Hogan, Knudsen, & T ¶random, 1997). Overall it can be said that the size of the brand oratorio differs within the different industry. The firms should continuously analyses their portfolio and revise if necessary.The main advantage of having and using a brand portfolio is clear to see, it gives the managers a clear structured overview about the firms current brand situation and can be and useful tool when making brand regarding decision I. E. Launch of a new brand or product line extension. The only disadvantage is that a good brand portfolio can be quite time and cost consuming when first set up and regularly updated. After we now know what a Brand portfolio is let us take a closer look on the case of Ray Ban. Ray Ban offers four major products to the customers, Aviator, Schoolmaster, Jackie Ooh and the Wayfarer which then come in different designs.The Aviator line typically has dark and reflexive lenses and the characteristic very thin metal frame with a double or triple bridge. This model was the first models invented by Abash& Lomb, the inventor company of Ray Ban, and branded as a Ray Ban. (www. Arabian. Com). In 1956 Ray Ban expended their product portfolio with the Wayfarer line. The new plastic design of the glasses frame was revolutionary at that time. The wayfarers had their highest point of popularity in the asses and asses and hen slowly faded away. A big re-launch and a new marketing campaign brought them back to the surface in the asses.Since that time the sales have been constantly increasing. The third style of the ray ban is the so called Schoolmaster. It was brought on the marked in the late asses and was already a retro style at that time. It became especially very famous in the Jazz scene in these days, due to the fact that it was worn by many of the musicians. Nowadays the Schoolmaster has its largest number of followers in the hipster scene, where it is considered as a trendy-retro style. All of the three models come in designs for men, women and unisex.But there is also one model in the portfolio that is exclusively made for women, the so called Jackie Ooh. They are a bold, distinct, modernized version of the classic feminine shape that will, according to ray Ban, bring lots of real estate to the face. (www. Arabian. Com) Brand Elements According to Kevin Keller on his book strategic Brand Management† Brand elements or brand identities can be all those things that serve to identify and differentiate the brand. It can be the brand name, logo, package, etc. These things play a big role of building the brand awareness and make brand differentiation. Eye see a particular brand elements without anything else related to product, also brand elements are very important for building the brand equity. By looking on our brand Ray Ban, we can notes and analyze six different elements for it as the following: Name: The name of the brand which is Ray Ban† is one of the most important element of the brand, this name has a good impact on the customer feeling. By looking at the name we can see that the name is real and easy to say that people use these words often, also easy to remember.In addition this name meaningful that the meaning of it is to protect and prevent people eyes from sun says. Furthermore it's easy to translate this name to other languages to get the meaning of it if that's necessary some time. URL: The URL is the domain names for the brand which is located on the web. Ray ban official web domain name s www. Ray-ban. Com this domain is really clear and easy to memorize because it's linked directly to the brand name. In addition Ray ban give the ability for customer to add on the domain name the country nam e which make the website open in the country language.Logos: The logo of the brand is the virtual element which has the picture inside customer mind. For Ray Ban we can see that it has three logos with colors of red and white or black and white but in all of them we can Just see the name of the brand written in special way without have any pictures which has a benefit of shown the name of the brand everywhere that make people memorize and remember the brand all the time. Also the logo with Just name without pictures prevent the company in future if another company come an use a similar picture.Slogan: The brand slogan is a short phrase that communicates persuasive massage about the brand especially in advertising, which can play an important role of alluding the brand awareness and in marketing programs. Ray Ban has different slogan which change from time to time, in the past they used be cool† or ‘Style needs no introduction† and now they use Never hide†. Th ese different slogans have in general the same massage but in different way which is this brand make you that person who is stylish and want to show off.We can also see the power of Ray Ban Company which all the time update his slogan depending on the market and which encourage people. Jingles: Jingle is the special music for the brand which when people listened to this music it linked them with the brand. Although Jingle has a benefit of build the brand awareness and make customer remember the brand but Ray Ban doesn't have a Jingle, they use a classic music in advertising which still has the benefit of have a different kind of music to cover the different kind of customers.Packaging: Packaging is the activities of designing and producing containers or wrappers of a product. Like other elements, packaging plays a role of building the brand awareness and gives the brand a specialty. Ray Ban has one package design for sun glasses with different colors, which has the advantage of buil d one package mage inside customer mind and makes them link this design with Ray ban. At the end all of these elements work together to build the brand awareness and the brand equity by delivering the same massage with the same ton of voice.Which all these elements talk with informal way because the big group of target market is young people, also they have the massage of giving the people who has a Ray Ban Competitor analyses Key competitors In the following we would like to take a closer look at the key competitors of Ray Ban. In order to survive in a market you have to know your competitors, as good as Seibel. A key competitor can be any person or business in the same industry, or a similar industry, which offers a similar product or service.If there are one or more competitors on the market that can lead to reduce in the price of the offered goods or services. Competition also leads to the fact that the companies have to become more efficient in order to lower their costs, and s till be able to compete in the future. Going by that definition almost every brand on the sunglass market could be seen as a competitor to Ray Ban, that is why we focused on brands which can be found also thin the same price and style segment and share a similar target group. Person Person is an Italian luxury aware company that is focused on sunglasses.Formed in 1917 they have a long tradition in producing glasses. Person aware was originally created for pilots and sports driver, which gives the company a strong advantage since they were focused on high quality and durable products right from the start. Especially for Ray Ban ‘s â€Å"Wayfarer† series, Person is a strong competitor with its Vintage Celebration† series. These glasses are very similar in terms of style and quality. Dolce & Cabana Aware The firm Dolce and Cabana was founded in 1985 in Italy by Domenici Dolce Stefan Cabana.The firm started out by offering a women's line with the whole range of clothi ng products and accessories. In 1990 they presented their first male line which increased their market share dramatically. The brand stands for luxury and timeless designs and they offer styles for every occasion. They launched their first aware collection, including glasses and sunglasses, in 1992, which was a huge success right from the beginning. Their designs are modern and ever fashionable but also include classic pieces. Oakley The Oakley Inc. An American based manufacturer for sports equipment and sunglasses that was founded in 1975. Their main advantage is that they use actual athletes to test their prototypes and work together with them to assure high customer satisfaction on the actual product. Almost all of their glasses have a very athletic look and most of the styles are very pricey. Their main and advertisement is done by sponsoring international sport any kind and the United States Olympic Team. Maim Jim communication events of Maim Jim is an American based manufactur er for high- end sunglasses.That was brings them pretty close to Ray Bans products. Most of their advertisement campaigns feature oceanic and sporty themes. Maim Jim appeals to an older demographic target group and goes more towards high quality then the up. To date fashion. This brings them in terms of their very close to the Ray Bans. Positioning map sports glasses designs The following map places the different brand by two major aspects their price and their design. The price can be found on the x-axis, which goes from affordable to expensive.The main problem is to define the term â€Å"expensive†. From which point on are sunglasses expensive and when are they still affordable. For this case we used a detent point of view on the pricing. On the ordinate of the map you can find the design factor of the sunglasses, the scale goes from classic to contemporary. If taken a look at the positioning map above, it's clear to see why we have identified these brands as the key compet itors for Ray Ban. They are all going for a similar target group, and market their products in the upper end price range.The sunglasses of Person, Dolce& Cabana and Oakley are manufactured by Ululation, Just like Ray Ban. Here lays the main obstacle, in keeping these brand, that seem so related clearly separated from each other to avoid cannibalism. Rent strategy Ray Ban currently uses an effective and clever marketing strategy to reach a lot of people worldwide. They make use of the internet through viral marketing and guerilla marketing. Guerilla marketing heavily relies on imagination and energy instead of big budgets or other expensive methods.Guerilla marketing makes a big impression over traditional media and has the possibility to achieve impressive recall numbers Just by interacting with consumers on a personal level (Elevation, 1984). We think that the usage of guerilla marketing is extremely beneficial for Ray Ban since it ill enhance its brand perception, has financial be nefits and increases the interaction with potential customers as well as enables the power of worth of mouth. On the contrary, making use of this somewhat reckless strategy could also result into misconception. It can be seen as offensive and hostile.On top of that there is no real method of measuring the return on investment of guerilla marketing. For Ray Ban it is not all about the entire brand message. They communicate it mostly in printed or television advertisements. These adds are not telling how cool sunglasses are, or how extremely resilient those of ray ban are. What they do try to tell you is that owning a pair of ray bans is cool and will boost your image. Another thing that Ray Ban consistently does is their communication. This is implemented in both their offline as well as their online campaigns.By combining multiple media channels and consistently communicating one message but in different ways they make sure that description: Age: Prominently people in the age group of 22-40. Generation X and Y (the young and middle aged) Income: Family income greater than average. Education: Well educated, graduate or post graduates. Occupation: Working professionals or students. Product placement The 1983 comedy Risky Business is both the movie that launched Tom Cruiser's career and the movie that saved Ray-Sans Wayfarer sunglasses from extinction.Cruise plays Joel, a suburban high school student whose parents go out of town for the weekend, leaving him free to dance around the house in his underwear. His character wears Ray-Sans Wayfarer sunglasses, which became so popular as a result that 360,000 pairs were sold that year. This is a perfect example of how Ray Ban nowadays makes use of movies for their product placement strategy. This film was just one of the many that followed up on the success of combining sunglasses with celebrity endorsement in movies.The sudden rise in popularity of their model the â€Å"wayfarer† happened since Ray Ban and the m ovie Twilight made an agreement that their cast would wear them in the movie against an incredible price. This resulted in a massive increase of sales since a lot of people wanted to be as cool as the characters in the movie. Pricing The price strategy of ray ban can be categorized as â€Å"price skimming†. This is a concept where the firm starts with asking a high price for their product, because here is a clear demand and customers are sure to pay the price (Investigated. Mom). After a while the demand of the initial target customers will be satisfied, the firm will lower the initial asking price once this happens. This is in order to attract and persuade more people to buy the â€Å"old model†. With this they try to aim for a more price sensitive segment. The skimming strategy received its name from skimming layers of cream, as prices are lowered over time. SOOT analysts Survey The survey for this assignment was done by Google Drive and the final results were

Essay Sample on the Film #8220;Once Were Warriors#8221; How Is Success Defined

Essay Sample on the Film #8220;Once Were Warriors#8221; How Is Success Defined New Zealand feature film Once Were Warriors, directed by Lee Tamahori, has a brilliant and captivating beginning that immediately engages the audience’s attention. Both the beginning and the ending contribute greatly to the film’s popular success and have been made specifically to introduce motifs and symbols, key characters, relationships and conflicts. How is success defined? Once Were Warriors could be considered to have been a success in many ways, not just by it’s commercial value. Firstly, there is the academic success of the film. It portrayed a tragic and violent family cycle to other New Zealanders, of whom many believed that we lived in a violence free country. The film was very successful in showing that not all people are privy to equal opportunities in life. Secondly, the aesthetic success was prevalent as it was very pleasing and true to the eye. Also, there was a success at a personal judgement level in the way of newspaper and magazine reviews. However, the film’s success, in every aspect, was due to the beginning and ending of the film. The beginning of Once Were Warriors focuses on a wide angle shot of a billboard featuring a beautiful landscape. This shot is used to deliberately enhance the stark contrast of the urban slum environment that the Maori people in the movie are inhibiting. A pan shot is then used to descend on to the real scene, full of smoke and debris in South Auckland. Director Lee Tamahori describes it as â€Å"the most hellish environment you could imagine.† These shots not only introduce the setting, time and place of the film but they also set the mood and atmosphere. The reason the beginning made the movie successful was because the film because the film opened with real, tough, strong graphics that hit home to the audience the extent of the poverty in the urban ‘slum’. It is immediately obvious that characters play a key role in the opening scenes of the film. The Heke family, who were the main characters, were introduced with mid shots filmed in contrasting settings that helped the audience quickly grasp on to their personality. The love Beth has for Jake is shown at the beginning of the film so that the audience can understand why she stays with him. However, conflicts are also portrayed in the opening scenes. The close up shots of Jake’s fight at the pub, his argument with Beth and Boogie’s attempt at being an outlaw all captivate how much of a role the characters have in creating a good beginning. Key symbols in the film, such as food, are expressed at the start to show how food brings the family together through dysfunction, good times and punishment. Jake uses food to break the news about losing his job to Beth. He believes the parcel of ‘Kai Moana’ (seafood) will make Beth happy. The symbol of urban decay is also prevalent during the opening and it helps to make it interesting to the audience. Sound, used extensively during the beginning of Once Were Warriors, introduces musical themes into the film. The Jimmy Hendrix type rap and techno music was used to introduce the film as that is the type of music that the Maori people listen to and adore. Strong themes of adversity, courage and love show through during the ending to contrast the violence, poverty and loss at the beginning of the film. This creates an uneven or asymmetrical balance to the film, hence giving it an unusual and interesting audience appeal. The wistful sound of the ‘purwihua’ or Maori flute combined with the eerie sound that was created every time violence was about to enter, gave the film a good beginning. This sound is played when Jake first beats Beth during the beginning of the film. The beginning is crucial in the film, Once Were Warriors. The harsh, hard-hitting beginning full of power and emotion make for a very successful film. The film is one which the New Zealand public as well as wider audiences can relate, for violence happens in all races and cultures. This is part of the reason why Once Were Warriors was so successful with so many New Zealanders. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on   Once Were Warriors topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Email Etiquette

Email Etiquette Email Etiquette Email Etiquette By Ali Hale If you work in an office, you probably write emails every day – to colleagues, to your boss, to clients. Even if you’re still at college, you’ll need to email your lecturers once in a while (maybe to plead for an essay extension, or to ask for help) – and many employers now expect resumes and cover letters to be sent by email. So, being able to write a professional, business-like email is a crucial skill. Daily Writing Tips has already covered the email subject line, but the body of your message also matters. 1. Start with a salutation Your email should open by addressing the person you’re writing to. Sure, you can get away with leaving out the salutation when you’re dashing off an email to your friend, but business-like messages should begin with: Dear Mr Jones, or Dear Professor Smith, (for someone you don’t know well, especially if they’re a superior) Dear Joe, or Dear Mandy, (if you have a working relationship with the person) It’s fine to use â€Å"Hi Joe†, â€Å"Hello Joe† or just the name followed by a comma (â€Å"Joe,†) if you know the person well – writing â€Å"Dear Joe† to one of your team-mates will look odd! 2. Write in short paragraphs Get straight to the point – don’t waste time waffling. Split your email into two to four short paragraphs, each one dealing with a single idea. Consider using bullet-points for extra clarity, perhaps if you are: Listing several questions for the recipient to answer Suggesting a number of alternative options Explaining the steps that you’ll be carrying out Put a double line break, rather than an indent (tab), between paragraphs. 3. Stick to one topic If you need to write to someone about several different issues (for example, if you’re giving your boss an update on Project X, asking him for a review meeting to discuss a payrise, and telling him that you’ve got a doctor’s appointment on Friday), then don’t put them all in the same email. It’s hard for people to keep track of different email threads and conversations if topics are jumbled up. 4. Use capitals appropriately Emails should follow the same rules of punctuation as other writing. Capitals are often misused. In particular, you should: Never write a whole sentence (or worse, a whole email) in capitals Always capitalise â€Å"I† and the first letter of proper nouns (names) Capitalise acronymns (USA, BBC, RSPCA) Always start sentences with a capital letter. This makes your email easier to read: try retyping one of the emails you’ve received in ALL CAPS or all lower case, and see how much harder it is to follow! 5. Sign off the email For short internal company emails, you can get away with just putting a double space after your last paragraph then typing your name. If you’re writing a more formal email, though, it’s essential to close it appropriately. Use Yours sincerely, (when you know the name of your addressee) and Yours faithfully, (when you’ve addressed it to â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam†) for very formal emails such as job applications. Use Best regards, or Kind regards, in most other situations. Even when writing to people you know well, it’s polite to sign off with something such as â€Å"All the best,† â€Å"Take care,† or â€Å"Have a nice day,† before typing your name. 6. Use a sensible email signature Hopefully this is common sense – but don’t cram your email signature with quotes from your favourite TV show, motivational speaker or witty friend. Do include your name, email address, telephone number and postal address (where appropriate) – obviously, your company may have some guidelines on these. It makes it easy for your correspondents to find your contact details: they don’t need to root through for the first message you sent them, but can just look in the footer of any of your emails. Putting it all together Compare the following two job applications. The content of the emails are identical – but who would you give the job to? i’ve attached my resume i would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. i have all the experience you are looking for – i’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years, i am competent with ms office and i enjoy working as part of a team. thanks for your time Or Dear Sir/Madam, I’ve attached my resume. I would be grateful if you could read it and get back to me at your earliest convenience. I have all the experience you are looking for: I’ve worked in a customer-facing environment for three years I am competent with MS office I enjoy working as part of a team Thanks for your time. Yours faithfully, Joe Bloggs Have you ever received a really badly written email? Or have you ever been told you need to brush up your own email writing? Share your email etiquette horror stories – and any of your tips – in the comments! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesThat vs. WhichDrama vs. Melodrama